Root Network
Stake TAO to a root validator; your stake accrues shares of that validator's fund.
Root is Bittensor's meta-subnet — it has no alpha token of its own and no AMM. When you stake TAO to root, your principal stays in TAO (1:1) and the root dividends your validator earns accrue in its fund. Dividends are credited to the fund on the subnet that paid them, and since 17 September 2026 the validator can also rebalance the fund between subnets, within chain limits, when fund trading is on. Your stake holds shares of that fund.
What is the Root Network?
Learn moreNot a market, a meta-subnet
Every other subnet has its own alpha token and AMM pool. Root stake is TAO staked to subnet 0, 1:1. Your principal carries no price volatility, no slippage, no impermanent loss — and no unstaking lock is currently configured. What you accrue on top of it sits in your validator's fund, and that value does move with what the fund holds.
Dividends go into your validator's fund
Every root validator has its own fund. The root dividends it earns across all subnets are deposited there, and your stake holds shares of that fund. Your position grows as the fund's value grows — your exposure is the fund's whole portfolio, not one subnet you picked.
Claiming converts fund value to root stake
Claiming converts your accrued fund value into more root stake on the same validator. It is never paid out to your free balance — to take it out, claim first, then unstake. Amounts under 0.0005 TAO stay in the fund until they grow past the threshold.
Validators can rebalance the fund
Dividends stay where they land: each is credited to the fund on the subnet that paid it. The validator's coldkey can also rebalance the fund, selling one holding for TAO and buying another. A buy may not leave any one holding above 12.00% of the fund's NAV, or leave the fund holding, or buying within a day, more than 10.00% of a subnet pool's alpha reserve, and at most 10.00% of NAV can trade per day. Trades pay swap fees and move prices, and the whole fund bears that cost.
Heads up: Root is validator-only and capped at 64 slots. Subnet emission shares follow each subnet's moving alpha price (scaled for withheld miner emission, with the smallest subnets gated down); root weights no longer exist. A validator's trades are ordinary swaps: like any trade they move pool prices, which the moving price follows only slowly.
Overview
How you earn on root
Emission flow for a representative subnet. Actual values vary per subnet.
Root share per subnet
Average 24.83% — range 12.91% – 91.29% across 128 subnets.
Network emission split
Approximate share of each TAO of block emission. Averaged across non-root subnets.
- Root validators10.18%
- Miners & servers41.00%
- Subnet validators30.82%
- Subnet owners18.00%
Estimated root dividend rate
These dividends land in your validator's fund as shares, not as TAO, so your realized return follows the fund's share price. An estimate: close to what holders receive for most validators, higher or lower for some. See the validator directory for per-fund performance.
How this works
Annualised from root's share of network emission: daily block emission times root's slice of each subnet, spread across total root stake, then stake-weighted across validators. Net of each validator's take where we know it, gross where we don't.
Stake
How root staking works
- 1:1 principal. 1 TAO staked becomes 1 TAO of root position. No slippage, no price volatility.
- Pick a validator — pick a fund manager. What you earn depends on which validator you pick: its fund decides what your dividends are held as, and its delegate take is deducted before they are deposited.
- Dividends go into the validator's fund. The root dividends your validator earns across all subnets are deposited into its fund, and your stake holds shares of that fund.
- Claiming converts fund value to root stake. A claim converts your accrued fund value into more root stake on the same validator — it is never paid out to your free balance. Claims are per validator; to take the value out, claim first, then unstake.
- Very small amounts wait. Below ~0.0005 TAO a claim is skipped as dust — it isn't lost, just not yet worth claiming; it unlocks once the amount grows past the threshold.
- Not claiming is fine. The fund keeps compounding and your root stake keeps minting shares.
Governance
Validators can trade their funds, within chain limits
A root validator can rebalance its fund: sell part of one holding for TAO and buy another. Fund shares don't change; each trade pays the swap fee and moves pool prices.
- Each leg must fill within 2% of the strictest of the subnet’s moving, fast moving and spot prices.
- A buy may not leave any one holding above 12.00% of the fund’s NAV, so a fund built by buys alone needs at least 9 holdings. Holdings that grow past it through price or dividends are left alone.
- After a buy the fund may hold no more than 10.00% of that subnet pool’s alpha reserve, and it may not buy more than that share within a day.
- At most 10.00% of the fund’s NAV can pass through trades, refilling over 7,200 blocks (about a day).
Read from chain storage at block 9,470,720.
How this works
Dividends are credited to a validator's fund on the subnet that paid them. Since runtime v464 (17 September 2026) the coldkey that owns a root validator's hotkey can trade the fund with swap_basket. Governance can also freeze trading for a single fund.
Subnet emission shares follow each subnet's moving alpha price, not root weights or fund trades; the moving price follows a trade only slowly.
Root weight vectors (set_root_weights) steered where new dividends were deployed from 27 August to 17 September 2026; runtime v464 removed them, and no fund carries one today.
Validators
Root validators
Every hotkey registered on root, ranked by root stake — expand a row for its hotkey, coldkey, last weight update, and whether it currently holds a validator permit. Delegate takes are shown where known. Every root validator owns a fund, which is where its root dividends are deposited, but the fund only comes into existence with its first credit — so a validator that hasn't been paid one yet has none; open a fund page for share price, NAV and strategy. To delegate, pick a validator on the Stake tab.
| UID | Validator | Take | FundNov 8, 2026 close | Details | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1,028,219.8272 τ | 0.00% | 9,007.2048 τView fund → | ||
| 54 | 902,755.4323 τ | 18.00% | 124.5550 τView fund → | ||
| 20 | 797,526.3481 τ | 9.00% | 3,547.3896 τView fund → | ||
| 6 | 490,358.7479 τ | 9.00% | 5,188.2098 τView fund → | ||
| 4 | 247,689.5158 τ | 9.00% | 2,345.0830 τView fund → | ||
| 2 | 207,069.4649 τ | 18.00% | 1,862.7699 τView fund → | ||
| 29 | 192,466.5241 τ | 9.00% | 1,837.1124 τView fund → | ||
| 10 | 189,863.9964 τ | 0.00% | 2,537.7488 τView fund → | ||
| 15 | 156,629.2136 τ | 9.00% | 1,914.4731 τView fund → | ||
| 3 | 136,138.2639 τ | 18.00% | 1,557.2515 τView fund → | ||
| 49 | 123,665.6032 τ | 9.00% | 14.3789 τView fund → | ||
| 18 | 107,970.5061 τ | 0.00% | 1,230.3894 τView fund → | ||
| 61 | 87,336.7947 τ | 0.10% | 669.1820 τView fund → | ||
| 35 | 78,869.3219 τ | 18.00% | 128.9120 τView fund → | ||
| 62 | 68,144.0505 τ | 0.00% | 18.3713 τView fund → | ||
| 7 | 62,542.8098 τ | 18.00% | 704.2092 τView fund → | ||
| 5 | 62,271.0801 τ | 9.00% | 652.8899 τView fund → | ||
| 11 | 60,638.4623 τ | 9.00% | 536.1517 τView fund → | ||
| 26 | 56,956.6441 τ | 1.00% | 434.0446 τView fund → | ||
| 58 | 54,182.2911 τ | 9.00% | 611.8969 τView fund → | ||
| 57 | 44,515.5673 τ | 18.00% | 17.8168 τView fund → | ||
| 17 | 38,754.6009 τ | 18.00% | 365.3499 τView fund → | ||
| 44 | 37,155.2617 τ | 9.00% | 393.4956 τView fund → | ||
| 55 | 31,014.8708 τ | 9.00% | 271.7465 τView fund → | ||
| 56 | 29,188.1032 τ | 0.00% | 300.4993 τView fund → | ||
| 31 | 28,454.4826 τ | 8.00% | 362.4986 τView fund → | ||
| 22 | 27,602.9933 τ | 9.00% | 337.0949 τView fund → | ||
| 30 | 21,153.0330 τ | 18.00% | 198.2223 τView fund → | ||
| 9 | 16,715.0882 τ | 6.00% | 389.4284 τView fund → | ||
| 53 | 16,147.3132 τ | 9.00% | 197.8899 τView fund → | ||
| 16 | 16,106.2696 τ | 18.00% | 2.8885 τView fund → | ||
| 8 | 10,300.2868 τ | 0.00% | 56.4553 τView fund → | ||
| 52 | 9,279.7803 τ | 5.00% | 44.5848 τView fund → | ||
| 41 | 6,027.4098 τ | 9.00% | 20.8277 τView fund → | ||
| 59 | 5,508.3291 τ | 10.00% | 57.0086 τView fund → | ||
| 51 | 4,387.6850 τ | 0.00% | 55.8201 τView fund → | ||
| 0 | 3,288.2012 τ | 0.00% | 22.8039 τView fund → | ||
| 60 | 3,172.7468 τ | 7.90% | 30.6563 τView fund → | ||
| 39 | 2,841.1766 τ | 0.00% | 1.0389 τView fund → | ||
| 23 | 2,699.9826 τ | 18.00% | 6.3172 τView fund → | ||
| 37 | 2,409.0235 τ | 1.36% | 25.5359 τView fund → | ||
| 33 | 1,460.2232 τ | 18.00% | 16.2076 τView fund → | ||
| 45 | 1,443.4447 τ | 0.00% | 21.3827 τView fund → | ||
| 42 | 1,399.5076 τ | 9.00% | 6.2016 τView fund → | ||
| 25 | 1,203.3490 τ | 18.00% | 6.9520 τView fund → | ||
| 46 | 1,115.9994 τ | 10.00% | 13.5157 τView fund → | ||
| 63 | 1,102.9877 τ | 18.00% | 1.5490 τView fund → | ||
| 43 | 1,086.3942 τ | 0.00% | 0.0810 τView fund → | ||
| 34 | 798.4076 τ | 8.50% | 2.7238 τView fund → | ||
| 12 | 611.5161 τ | 18.00% | 1.6548 τView fund → | ||
| 47 | 590.0706 τ | 18.00% | 0.0109 τView fund → | ||
| 27 | 303.2657 τ | 18.00% | 0.3765 τView fund → | ||
| 28 | 272.1662 τ | 9.00% | 2.6517 τView fund → | ||
| 50 | 212.1090 τ | 18.00% | 0.0062 τView fund → | ||
| 21 | 169.6786 τ | 18.00% | 0.5770 τView fund → | ||
| 14 | 125.1752 τ | 10.00% | 1.1880 τView fund → | ||
| 32 | 107.6129 τ | 18.00% | 0.0028 τView fund → | ||
| 48 | 102.9340 τ | 18.00% | 0.0002 τView fund → | ||
| 38 | 102.5354 τ | 18.00% | 0.0021 τView fund → | ||
| 13 | 92.5307 τ | 18.00% | 0.0000 τView fund → | ||
| 40 | 41.8874 τ | 18.00% | 0.0804 τView fund → | ||
| 24 | 22.7878 τ | 9.00% | 0.0240 τView fund → | ||
| 36 | 4.0000 τ | 18.00% | 0.0007 τView fund → | ||
| 19 | 0.0862 τ | 0.00% | 3.4021 τView fund → |